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SM ''U-20'' or ''U-XX'' was the lead boat of the of submarines or U-boats built for and operated by the Austro-Hungarian Navy ((ドイツ語:Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine ''or'' K.u.K. Kriegsmarine)) during the First World War. The design for ''U-20'' was based on submarines of the Royal Danish Navy's ''Havmanden'' class (three of which had been built in Austria-Hungary), and was largely obsolete by the beginning of the war. ''U-20'' was just over long and was armed with two bow torpedo tubes, a deck gun, and a machine gun. ''U-20'' had no wartime successes and was sunk in early July 1918 by the Italian submarine ''F-12''. The wreck of ''U-20'' was located in 1962 and salvaged. A portion of her conning tower is on display in a military museum in Vienna. == Design and construction == When it became apparent to the Austro-Hungarian Navy that the First World War would not be a short war,〔Halpern, p. 382.〕 they moved to bolster their U-boat fleet by seizing the plans for Denmark's ''Havmanden'' class submarines,〔Gardiner, p. 344.〕 three of which had been built at Whitehead & Co. in Fiume.〔 Although the Austro-Hungarian Navy was not happy with the design, which was largely obsolete,〔Halpern, p. 383.〕〔Gardiner, p. 341.〕 it was the only design for which plans were available and which could be begun immediately in domestic shipyards.〔 The Austro-Hungarian Navy unenthusiastically placed orders for ''U-20'' and her three sister boats on 27 March 1915.〔 ''U-20'' was one of two boats of the class to be built at the Pola Navy Yard.〔 Due to demands by the Hungarian government,〔 subcontracts for the class were divided between Hungarian and Austrian firms,〔 but this politically expedient solution worsened technical problems with the design and resulted in numerous modifications and delays for the class in general.〔 ''U-20'' was an ocean-going submarine that displaced surfaced and submerged and was designed for a complement of 18. She was long with a beam of and a draft of . For propulsion, she featured a single propeller shaft, a single diesel engine for surface running, and a single electric motor for submerged travel.〔 She was capable of while surfaced and while submerged. Although there is no specific notation of a range for ''U-20'', the ''Havmanden'' class, upon which the ''U-20'' class was based, had a range of at , surfaced, and at submerged.〔 ''U-20'' was armed with two torpedo tubes located in the front and carried a complement of two torpedoes. She was also equipped with a 66 mm/26 (2.6 in) deck gun and an machine gun.〔 ''U-20'' was laid down on 29 September 1915,〔 six months after she was ordered,〔 and was launched on 18 September 1916.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SM U-20 (Austria-Hungary)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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